• Why Born Enslaved? or Why Born a Slave? (French: Pourquoi! Naitre esclave? or La Negresse) is a life-sized bust by the French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux depicting...
  • A critical reexamination of Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux’s bust Why Born Enslaved!, this book unpacks the sculpture’s engagement with — and defiance of — an...
  • Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux’s stunning sculpture Why Born Enslaved! (1868) is one of the most powerful expressions of abolitionist sentiment in the visual arts.
  • Why Born Enslaved! was first conceived in 1868 by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, one of the greatest French sculptors of the nineteenth century.
  • One of the most powerful expressions of abolitionist sentiment in the visual arts, Why Born Enslaved! depicts an African woman bound by ropes and looking defiantly...
  • This important lineage is not overt in the display of Why Born Enslaved! Imagine posting this entire essay on the wall!
  • Created in the wake of American emancipation and some 20 years after the abolition of slavery in the French Atlantic, Why Born Enslaved...
  • The subject’s resisting pose, defiant expression, and accompanying inscription – "Pourquoi Naître Esclave!" (Why Born Enslaved!) – convey an antislavery message.
  • When the museum debuted “Why Born Enslaved!” on June 6, 2022, its curators had to know Carpeaux’s sculpture would unnerve any patron.