Kazakhstan (Kazak Respublikasy) is a presidential republic located in Central Asia, bordered to the east by China, on the south by Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, to the west washed by the Caspian Sea, to the west and north borders on Russia. The capital of the country is Astana. While the main cities are Almaty (Alma-Ata), which was the old capital of the country, Karaganda, Simkent, Žambyl, Öskemen, Semey and Pavlodar.