Bir gemide bulaşıkçılık yaparken okuma merakı sardı. Yoksullukla ve acıyla dolu bir hayat sürdüğü için Rusça’da “acı” anlamına gelen “Gorki” takma adını aldı.
Gorki birçok devrimci ile tanıştı. Lenin'le tanıştığı 1902 yılından itibaren aralarında yakın bir arkadaşlık oluşmuştur. 1902 yılında Rusya Edebiyat Akedemisi'ne seçilir.
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