- The year 1532, when the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (1475–1541) definitively defeated the Incas, marked the end of Inca domination.
- With their capital city of Cusco at the heart of their empire, the Incas excelled in various fields, such as engineering, agriculture, and art.
- The civilizations within the empire that had previously spoken Quechua kept their own variety distinct from the Quechua the Incas spread.
- Atahualpa offered the Spaniards enough gold to fill the room he was imprisoned in, and twice that amount of silver. The Incas fulfilled this ransom.
- It was these two disparate areas of Peru--mountain and desert--that the Incas knit together in an economic and social synthesis.
- It was the main activity in the Inca empire and the Incas became experts in this art, reaching adapt to the terrain and rigorous climate of the Andes.
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- Unlike other peoples, however, the Incas did not loot and abandon vanquished tribes, but rather they incorporated these former foes into their own military.
- How did the Incas proceed in war? As we just mentioned, war was the last resort used by the Incas to conquer a new ethnic group or tribe.
- The Incas maintained their empire for around 100 years and their success was mainly due to conquering neighboring tribes and then expanding out.